Ballal T
To potentiate the immune responses of the Newcastle Disease vaccine, many adjuvants such as, Saponin, paraffin oil, sunflower oil, Nigella Sativa oil ,and chitosan nanoparticles “CH-NPS”, were prepared with live and inactivated I-2 vaccines. The formulated vaccines were tested for their biological and physical characteristics, including sterility, safety, Immunogenicity protective efficacy, protein estimation for CH-NPS, and the completion of the emulsification
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